Verb forms, families, ابواب

• Name of the family = infinitive
• General attributes of each family are not always applicable.
• Thulathi = root has 3 letters
• Ruba'i = root has 4 letters
• Mujarrad = only root letters
• Mazeed = more letters other than root letters

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Name باب	Active past الفعل الماضي	Active present الفعل المضارع	Infinitive المصدر	Subject noun اسم فاعل, فهو
	Passive past مجهول	Passive present مجهول	Infinitive المصدر	Object noun اسم مفعول, فهو
	Imperative فعل الامر الامر منه	Prohibitive فعل النهي و النهی عنه	Place, or time ظرف و الظرف منه
تَفْعيلْ II	فَعَّلَ	يُفَعِّلُ	تَفْعيلاً	مُفَعِّلٌ
	فُعِّلَ	یُفَعَّلُ	تَفْعيلاً	مُفَعَّلٌ
	فَعِّل	لا تُفَعِّل	مُفَعَّلٌ
مُفاعَلَةْ III	فاعَلَ	يُفاعِلُ	فِعالاً و مُفاعَلَةً	مُفاعِلٌ
	فوعِلَ	يُفاعَلُ	فِعالاً و مُفاعَلَةً	مُفاعَلٌ
	فاعِلْ	لا تُفاعِلْ	مُفاعَلٌ
اِفْعالْ IV	اَفْعَلَ	یُفْعِلُ	اِفْعالاً	مُفْعِلٌ
	اُفْعِلَ	یُفْعَلُ	اِفْعالاً	مُفْعَلٌ
	اَفْعِلْ	لا تُفْعِلْ	مُفْعَلٌ
تَفَعُّلْ V	تَفَعَّلَ	يَتَفَعَّلُ	تَفَعُّلً	مُتَفَعِّلٌ
	تُفُعِّلَ	يُتَفَعَّلُ	تَفَعُّلً	مُتَفَعَّلٌ
	تَفَعَّلْ	لا تَتَفَعَّلْ	مُتَفَعَّلٌ
تَفَاعُلْ VI	تَفَاعَلَ	يَتَفَاعَلُ	تَفَاعُلاً	مُتَفَاعِلٌ
	تُفُوْعِلَ	يُتَفَاعَلُ	تَفَاعُلاً	مُتَفَاعَلٌ
	تَفَاعَلْ	لا تَتَفَاعَلْ	مُتَفَاعَلٌ
اِفْتِعالْ VIII	اِفْتَعَلَ	يَفْتَعِلُ	اِفْتِعالاً	مُفْتَعِلٌ
	اُفْتُعِلَ	يُفْتَعَلُ	اِفْتِعالاً	مُفْتَعَلٌ
	اِفْتَعِلْ	لا تَفْتَعِلْ	مُفْتَعَلٌ
اِسْتِفْعالْ X	اِسْتَفْعَلَ	يَسْتَفْعِلُ	اِسْتِفْعالاً	مُسْتَفْعِلُ
	اُسْتُفْعِلَ	يُسْتَفْعَلُ	اِسْتِفْعالاً	مُسْتَفْعَلٌ
	اِسْتَفْعِلْ	لا تَسْتَفْعِلْ	مُسْتَفْعَلٌ

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تَفعیل (II)

• Usually
  • Transitive (requiring object)
  • Intensive
  • Repetitive
  • Causative
  • Denominative
• قَتَلَ = killed. قَتَّلَ = killed with force, killed many people (massacre), killed many times, killed THEM
• کَتَبَ = wrote. کَتَّبَ = forced to write

مُفاعَلَةْ (III)

• Usually
  • Needs indirect object
    • with
    • against
• Words from this family often imply that the action is directed from one individual/party towards another individual/party. The word عاقَبَ for example, means to punish. Punishment is something that one individual/party does to another.

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اِفْعالْ (IV)

• Usually
  • Transitive
  • Causative
  • Once
  • Complete
  • Not intensive
• دَخَلَ = came into. اَدْخَلَ = brought into
• نَزَلَ = came down. اَنْزَلَ = sent down (once)

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تَفَعُّل (V)

• Usually reflexive of form II
  • Intransitive
• دَرَسَ = thougth, تَدَرَّسَ = learned with intensity and repetition
• قَطَعَ = cut (in the past), تَقَطَّعَ = got cut (with intensity)

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تَفَاعُلْ (VI)

• Usually between two parties
  • reciprocal of form III
• Sometimes "pretending to X"
• تَسَاءَلَ = asked each other
• تَلَاوَمَ = blamed each other
• تَعَاوَنَ = helped each other

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اِفتِعال (VIII)

• Usuallly intransitive (لازم)
• Sometimes hyperbole
  • سَمَعَ = listened; اِسْتَمَعَ = listened carefully
• Confused with VII. VII = alif + noon; VIII = alif + root letter + t
  • If alif + noon + t => t always takes precendence => VIII
    • اِنْتَقَمَ
• Sometimes reflexive
  • Subject = object

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اِستِفعال (X)

• Ask to X
  • غَفَرَ = forgave; اِستَغفَرَ = asked for forgiveness
  • نَصَرَ = helped; اِستَنصَرَ = asked for help
• Want to X
• Consider someone to be X
• Causative
• Autocausative